SPEAKING 6
1、★★★★★
是讲一种工资支付方式。就是我们所说的员工计件回扣。说了这种支付方式的两个坏处1.有时候不能正确的支付员工奖励。例子,电子产品商店,顾客来了,员工1给讲了很多,回答了很多问题。顾客走了,第二天来了,直接从员工2买东西,于是奖励算给员工2。那就不公平了。坏处2.员工之间增加竞争。老员工不愿意给新员工教经验,新员工学不到东西,商店产品越卖越少。
2、★★★★★
two draw backs of franchise 点一:总公司让各个分店没有创新的空间举例:比如加盟饭店,总公司规定了菜单之类的东西,分店想加某个创新菜就不符合规定。 点二:一个分店的声誉影响着其他分店。 举例:还是饭店的例子, 一个饭店脏,那么人们就会觉得其他分店也这样。
3、★★★★★
核心:讲camel在沙漠中对炎热环境的adaptability 方法一:physiological——humps,由fatty tissues构成,能吸走热量,使main body keep cool,而不至于让organs 处于unhealthy的高温中 方法二:behavioral——少动,少站,大部分时间sitting down,这样可以少产生能量;另外要经常sit in groups,可以有shadow。
4、★★★★★
捕食者捕杀群居动物两种策略 方法一:identify最不同的猎物。 举例:一种鱼,喜欢群居,predator怎样找猎物呢?通过identify鱼的颜色,有些鱼会有很明显的颜色,所以方便predator抓捕。 方法二:分裂一大群猎物成较小的群体。 举例:鲨鱼想要吃鱼的话,就横冲直撞,把鱼群分开,这样就方便捕猎
5、★★★★★
如何捕捉工厂排放的CO2以避免环境污染,一种是在排放之前捕捉,例如煤工厂就这样,CO2在过滤器中与一些化学物质结合发生化学反应,分解大部分CO2;另一种在排放后捕捉,通过种树,因为树木会吸收CO2。例如某工厂就在工厂周围中种植很多树木来吸收产生的CO2。
6、★★★★★
生物的vonen(貌似是这么写的)的两种用途。一种是用来捕食 举了一个蛇的例子他们藏在某个地方 假装是石头然后又动物路过就抓住他们。另一个是用来防御捕食者,聚了蜜蜂的例子说如果有鸟想吃蜜蜂蜜蜂就会用刺蛰他们,虽然被蛰一下但是非常非常疼。而且他们需要抓蜜蜂的时候远离蜂群。
7、★★★★★
教授讲昆虫在水下呼吸的方法。 一种是:有一个特殊的通道,这个通道或者管道一端连着昆虫的身体,另一端连着空气。water scropin是个例子,靠这种通道来链接空气,进行水下呼吸。 一种是:利用身体的某个部分把空气带到水下。beetle是个例子,它有很强壮的翅膀,要下水之前,翅膀聚集了空气,进水以后,空气变成了气泡,以此来呼吸。
8、★★★★★
【讲座主题】身体免疫的2个保护stages 【2种方式】(1)Antibiotic stage(第一个词不确定):是防御的第一线,防止外物进入。例子是skin,可以prevent germs get into body.比如被蚊子咬了之类的;(2)Mechanical removal:异物的排出,防止在体内生长,把带有disease的germs get out of body,例子是sneeze。
9、★★★★★
两种措施改善空气质量Two measures to improve air quality 1: build convenient public transportation system, like buses or subways 2: use special building material that can absorb air pollutants and purify the air
10、★★★★★
教授举例解释absentee parenting,第一个例子是deer什么父母把幼崽藏起来很少探望,可以不引起捕食者注意。第二个是兔子,有关食物,好像是什么东西milk吧很有营养,每天一餐就可以了,不用一直在身边喂养Concept: absentee parenting Two reasons: 1 protection 2 feeding Example 1: deer would leave cubs in tall bushes, so they can’t be easily spotted by predators Example 2: rabbits only feed their young once a day, because their milk is highly nutritious. So they don’t need to be with their young all the time.
11、★★★★★
【讲课要点】Two ways to avoid soil erosion
方法1:同一片土地种植两种不同期成熟的作物,例如麦子和稻子,因为收获期不同,所以 在收获期 另一种植物的根可以抓住土壤,防止流失
方法2:挖平行沟壑,下雨时雨水被留在沟壑中从而保持了土壤,防止被雨水冲刷
12、★★★★★
儿童创造性思维的发展Topic: Children’s development of creative thinking Example 1: a 1-year-old put a ball over his head as a hat Example 2: a 3-year-old on a blanket, he pretends he’s driving, he would make the sound of the car and put his hands up as if he were driving
13、★★★★★
讲座讲了在某一时期画家画风改变的原因,首先是optic31 devices,比如镜子可以帮助他们
照搬一个影响,还有一个是oil pen的使用,使得画家们花更多的时间描画一个事物。
14、★★★★★
蚂蚁通过某些strategy来提高forage food效率。1.每次出发都方向不同,比如Amy Ant,第一次从north出发,下次换East 2.大家一起搬运而不是将食物切成小块分次搬运来节约蚂蚁力,比如一片水果,一起搬只要10个ants,分片搬要50个ants。
15、★★★★★
Return immigration The professor talks about the two advantages of return immigration 1: it benefits the hometown. People will introduce new ideas they've learn in big cities and bring them back to hometown. Such as public transportation. People went to New York realized how convenient and useful buses are. So they brought the bus system to their hometowns. 2: it benefits the population and economy of the hometown. People who moved to New York will tell their friends that the houses in their hometown are really cheap and they are good investment. Return移民回归移民的教授谈到了两个优点1:它有利于家乡。人们将引入新的想法他们已经学会在大城市,把他们带回家乡。如公共交通。人去了纽约方便和有用的公共汽车是如何实现的。所以他们给家乡带来了公共交通系统。2:这家乡的人口和经济好处。搬到纽约的人会告诉他们的朋友,他们家乡的房子很便宜,他们是很好的投资。
16、★★★★★
【讲课要点】地点效用
Utility form and utility of place
方法1:: Utility form: the product should have the features that the customers need
例子1:winter coat should be warm and waterproof
方法2:the product should be sold at the place where customers need it.
例子2:winter coats in Alaska are needed as winter there is cold; but on a tropic island, winter is not that cold, so the sales won't be that good either.
17、★★★★★
教授讲要天又热又干动物怎么自我保护,举例蜗牛,首先天热的时候他们会到植物底下的树荫或者树木的底下,这样更加凉爽,干燥的天气时形成钙化壳,保证水分不挥发,同时会减少移动并且不吃东西。
18、★★★★★
Two situations where animals have territorial food resources but they don't defend the territory First. When the food resources are abundant, and it's unnecessary to drive the others out of their territory, for instance, sun birds eat a kind of nectar, it's so much that the sun birds don't even bother to defend their own territory Second: When the food resources are too limited, for instance if there are only a few flowers, the birds would rather take the time and look for another resource instead of wasting the time to drive away the other birds .
19、★★★★★
动物消化草有两种方法,一种是mechanical way,例子是兔子的牙齿帮助它们把草嚼碎,然后利于消化;一种是chemical way,例子是牛的胃很大,然后胃液可以帮助消化。
20、★★★★★
【讲课要点】:商家business 克服销售的barrier,促销的两种方法:
方法1:用广告促销:很多顾客不买他们的商品是因为很多顾客都不知道他们的产品很好lack of knowledge。
举例:一个卖有助于小孩记数字玩具toy 的company,做了一个research,可以做广告告诉顾客公司的这个商品有多好。
方法2:卖贵的东西,lack of money,提供分期付款。
举例:computer company让付不起钱的客人逐月付款。
21、★★★★
business题材
—个是customer market.就是广泛广告,像感冒药公司因为每个人都需要,通过tv.magazine去宣传,例子是御寒大衣.
另—个是industrial market.对于这种只能一些特定的公司销售的,就可以sale man talk with manager.
22、★★★★
social reference 人怎么调节自身温度,冷的时候你会发抖。肌肉在抖产生热量来温暖身体,还有冷的时候穿衣服,热的时候脱衣服。
23、★★★★
第六题,教授说城市比乡下热。有两个原因,城里有很多机器,城市里有很多gray和black的地方,像street.那些dark concrete吸热,即使到了晚上也还在散热。
24、★★★★
讲如何推断出ancient climates。教授说可以研究化石,因为气候会对形成化石的微生物产生影响。举例,某种有硬壳的shellfish,壳里的镁含量和sea water temperature有关,温度高的时候镁的含量就高。所以就可以通过对比这种矿物质在化石和现在那个地方的shellfish壳里的含量,然后就知道气候变暖了还是变冷了。
25、★★★★
2广告对环境的负面影响2 negative influences of advertisement on environment
Content
Influence 1: waste nature resources, e.g. some booklets have no use for people who don’t need them
Influence 2: damage nature beauty, e.g. some bill boards along the road interrupt nature beauty
26、★★★★
人会对重复做某件事感觉厌烦,两种方法可以解释这种问题:(1)换一换做事的方式,比如说hiking换条路;(2)停止做XXX一段时间,比如说从每天吃ICE CREAM变成隔几个星期再吃。
27、★★★★
提高家畜的2大优势2 advantages of raising domesticated animals
Advantage 1: Provide constant meat for people, like goats, they are very easy to control and they can be a meat resource too
Advantage 2: Offer other food besides meat, goats can provide milk as well, and then people can make things like yogurt and cheese with milk.
28、★★★★
介绍一种鸟的身体特殊的功能捕猎,第一是耳朵有个什么环,能捕捉猎物细小声音,帮助定位,第二是它在空中飞行没有声音,不让猎物发现。
29、★★★★
两种影响大多数发生在个体的行为受群体思维的改变。Two types of majority influence happen when an individual’s behavior is affected and altered by group thoughts. Type 1: Information influence where people want to get right answers immediately. For example, you are driving a bunch of friend to a restaurant and you are not sure which way to go. The rest of the people in the car think that you should go straight while you want to make a left or right turn. Because the majority wants you to go straight, you will change your original idea. Type 2: normative influence where people want to be accepted by the group or try to fit in. For instance, you are going to a movie with some people that you want to be friends with. After the movie, although you think the movie is awful, the rest of the people think the movie is great, you will also agree with them. Because you want to fit in, to get along.
30、★★★★
制定课堂规则策略Two strategies of making classroom rules Strategy 1: Explaining purpose, for example, when the professor taught elementary school students, he used to ask students not to eat in class and he explained the consequences of eating in classes. Strategy 2: Making commitment, for example, the professor would ask students to sign their names on a poster to promise that they wouldn't eat in class.
以上就是2015年11月28、29日托福综合口语机经预测。同学们一定要用心去复习哦。最后,一诺小编祝大家考试顺利!
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