出国留学首选一诺留学

　　综合口语4

　　1、　有个概念frustration啥的说小孩一碰难题就开mad frustrated.教授举了个例子他自己儿子给他买了积木。一不会搭就哭就ask for help最后教授打算等几分钟再过去帮他慢慢他自己就能handle了

　　2、Experience products/goods: 人们不想使用他们此前没有过使用经历的产品People don't want to buy products they haven't had experience with. So in order to sell their products, companies would give potential customers free samples first. When they have used the samples, the potential customers are more likely to buy the products.

　　In the example, a friend of the professor's started a company selling educational DVDs for children which contained games teaching children language skills. At first nobody bought them. Then the friend sent a free sample to an elementary school teacher. The teacher used the DVD in class and the kids thought it was fun and that they'd learned a lot. Then children started to buy the product and the DVDs became very popular.人们不想买他们没有经验的产品。因此，为了销售他们的产品，公司会给潜在的客户免费样品。当他们使用的样品，潜在客户更可能购买的产品。

　　在这个例子中，那位教授的一个朋友开了一家卖包含游戏教学儿童语言能力的儿童教育DVD。起初没有人买他们。然后这位朋友给一位小学老师发了一个免费的样品。老师在课堂上用的是，孩子们觉得很有趣，他们学到了很多。然后孩子们开始购买产品和DVD很受欢迎。

　　3、　Reading:昆虫用自己的方法将工作分成不同的组完成任务。

　　Task partitioning: insects use their own methods to accomplish tasks by dividing the work into different groups.

　　Listening

　　The professor gives an example of leaving cutting ants听

　　教授给出了一个让切割蚁的例子

　　4、信息超载：信息量超过了人们的能力来处理它。Information overload: amount of information exceeds people’s capacity to process it.

　　The professor gives two examples. First, when a company recruits, they might receive a lot of applications on the first day, but they don’t have time to go through every application, so they only look at some important information and ignore the rest. Second, sometimes when people receive too much information, like when they are recommended too many materials, they might just not look at anything at all.教授给出了2个例子。首先，当一个公司招聘，他们可能会收到很多应用的第一天，但他们也不会有时间去通过每一个应用程序，所以他们只看一些重要信息，忽略其他。其次，有时当人们得到过多的信息，比如，当他们被推荐太多的材料，他们可能只是不看任何东西。

　　5、主题是anticipated consequence，在做决定之前要先想可能性的后果。

　　教授讲到要给姐姐买礼物，但自己发现了好看的jacket。预算不够，如果买了jacket只能给姐姐买差一些的礼物了。但如果这样教授会很愧疚，为了避免这一点，教授最终没有买jacket，给姐姐买了很好的礼物。

　　综合口语5

　　1、学生的课时跟写作有时间冲突，所以他去找了advisor，方法一是从每周写一次变成两周写一次，但是男生说自己又很多Reader 不想让他们失望;方法二是只上基础课不上advanced course，但是男生说他喜欢被challenge。

　　2、【学生困难】The woman left her art history notes on the train and she has to take the exam thenext Friday

　　方案一：借笔记

　　评价：女生从没借过笔记，怕对考试有不好影响

　　方案二：晚上去上课

　　评价：晚上答应去同学的音乐会，会冲突

　　3、Problem:学生下周要和教授去纽约展示研究成果并且希望遇见同领域专家，但生物系只给宾馆费没有买票 Solution 1:take the plane Pro: fast Con: the price is getting higher with the departure date coming closer Solution 2: take train Pro: cheap Con: slow, he will have to leave one day beforehand and will miss the history review

　　4、带小朋友参观"城市科学博物馆"(City Science Museum)

　　Conversation: 女生下周(next week)要带领一班小朋友(a class of children)参观"城市科学博物馆"(City Science Museum),但是"城市科学博物馆"的导游(tour guide)由于生病(sick)无法同去(not available)，其他的导游也没有时间(other tour guides are not available either)。

　　男生提出两个解决方案：女生自己当导游(being tour guide by herself),毕竟所有的描述都在(all the descriptions are available)，但是女生提出她的确可以自己当导游，但是她无法像专业导游一样提供很多信息(a lot of information);

　　活动改期(reschedule the activity)，这样可以拥有专业导游，但是有很多其他工作要做(a lot of work to do)，比如要取得学校再次同意(ask permission of the university again)和重新安排交通出行(rearrange transportation)。女生表示再想一想。

　　Question: 女生遇到什么困难，有哪两种解决方案，你认为哪种好?

　　5、　女的把今晚要展览的照片忘在家里了，方法一是自己开回家取，但是这样就不能上reviewing class了。第二是她妈明天帮她送来，这样她朋友们晚上就看不见她的作品了

　　综合口语6

　　1、　一些鸟类如何在泥泞的地方觅食In the lecture the professor talks about twophysical adaptations of wading birds, which allow them to walk through mud nearshallow wagers while searching for food. One is their sensitive beaks. Theother is special feet with web connecting toes. The professor uses the exampleof storks to show how these two features help wading birds acquire food inmuddy places. First, the beaks of storks are long andhave sensors. With these sensors, storks can sweep their beaks mud and quicklysense if an object is a food source or not. This allows them to feed themselvesefficiently. Second, wading birds’ feet can prevent themselves from sinking themud. For example, storks have long and big toes, which spread the bird’s weight over the surface. These toes can help the birds keep their balance while they are walking on a muddy surface.

　　2、　Birds migration at a long distance.鸟类长距离迁徙的原因。

　　1) First reason is that birds will eat enough food to store energy. For example, humming bird eat much food to store energy a few weeks before the migration, the food they eat will turn into body fat and its weight can added at least 40%

　　2) Second reason is to take advantage of the air flow. For example, hawk can save energy by soaring-flying without flapping wings by thermals.

　　3、生物课堂上老师讲解了有些树能够活很长时间的原因—树的适应性。主要有两个方面。

　　1)通过释放化学物质避免虫害。举例为red wood，树叶和树干中含有天宁酸，所以虫子不能忍受这种物质，所以不会去吃red wood.

　　2)发达的根系可以帮助在风暴中幸存下来。举例仍为red wood. 说首先有发达的根系stretch every direction, 以及还可以与周围的树木的根系相组合。互相缠绕在暴风中就不会有问题。

　　4、树木使用适应两种方式来保护自己免受火灾..Trees use two ways of adaptations to protect themselves from a forest fire..

　　1) First adaptation is the ability to cool down its inner part. For example, the Douglas fir has a thick bark, which acts like a shield against the fire and an insulation to the inside of the tree. So when a fire causes the surrounding temperature to rise, the water and nutritional contents inside the tree is not lost. .

　　2) Second adaptation is removing some parts of the tree to prevent the fire from climbing upward. For example, the ponderosa tree frequently shakes off its lower small branches to keep off the fire from climbing onto the main branch.

　　5、　Two types of alarm signals.两个类型的报警信号。

　　1) First type, alarm call(sounds). For example, when a bird encounters an approaching danger, it would cry out loudly to warn the other birds nearby about this danger. Other birds who receive this call will seek shelter immediately.

　　2) Second type, chemical signal. For example, when the salmon detects a hazard under the water, its skin would release a chemical substance with an unique smell, which serves as a message to other salmons that there is a danger, then other salmons will escape.

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