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　　1、公司实行奖励机制incentive program使得员工形成健康生活方式 Reading 可以带来很多潜在好处：1、帮助员工戒烟和减肥The first benefit is obvious: the incentives will be a material aidin helping employees quit smoking and lose weight.2、给员工带来更多假期In effect, the amount saved from paying for insurance is a raise insalary. An added benefit could be offering them additional vacation days.3、对公司好make more profits。健康生活方式的员工工作更加有效率。公司可以盈利更多并且会减少健康有关的花费。 Listening：不能带来阅读中所说的好处：1、奖励机制带来的好处不长远。大多数人戒烟后又会重新开始，减肥后会反弹。benefits derived from the incentive program are most likely notpermanent.2、这种奖励措施不公平unfair。一些人天生肥胖超重naturally overweight，如果这些人刻意减肥会损害健康，这是基因决定的genetics，我们不能强迫每个人减肥。而且，对不健康生活方式的员工少假期也是不科学的，因为他们和其他人一样有家庭需要照顾。3、这个好处忽视了现代商业的现实ignore the reality of modern business。在美国，平均每个人跳槽机率很大，许多人隔几年就会跳槽。这就意味着公司无法从健康的劳动力中获得更多利益，公司要不断的培训新员工。同样对于员工来说，他们的健康方式带来的好处也是短暂的their health gains may turn out to be temporary 。所以奖励措施听上去很好，但实际上未必合适。

　　2、Sucralose是否对人体有危害

　　This is 总论点：Demonstrate three negative effectsof sucralose on human beings：1、Theimmune system will be influenced, whichis proved by the experiment conducted on the mice.2、Thesucralose will release toxic element in our body.3、Thesucralose can not help to keep people’s shape, for theymight be addicted to this kind of sugar, so actually people might absorb muchmore sugar. Listening：Refute the three explanationsmentioned in reading passage：1、Theimmune system will be influenced only when sucralose is accumulated in acertain amount.2、The sucralose can not be absorbed byhuman digestive system, and thus it does not have the proper situation torelease toxic factors.3、The kind of sugar will notbreak down when heated, thus it can be used to make cakes and cookies , and bythis way people can enjoy the sugar confectionery as well as keep shape.

　　3、birds anting这一习性的三种解释

　　ReadingDemonstrate three theories to explain why birds have the habit of anting：1、Birds use anting to irrigate skin duringfeather change in summer.2.、The acid released duringanting by ants can help resist parasites growing on birds.3、Anting is a way for birds to feed on those ants.

　　Listening Refute the threeexplanations mentioned in reading passage：1、It is just a coincidence between the time of feather change and birdanting.2、Anting cannot reduce the growth of parasiteson some birds.3、Birds will have other things to rubthemselves, but they do not tend to eat those things.

　　4、Marsupials 不如placentalmammals 适应性强：1、marsupial 的幼崽joeys，没完全发育就出生，导致需要装在pouch里面，vulnerable，抵抗能力差，而placental 的幼崽生下来就完全发育了，比较高级;2、marsupial 不能有效的控制其体温，这是其不足之处，不如placental高级;3、marsupial竞争不过placental，澳洲的kangaroo数量多的原因是因为没有placental与其竞争。 marsupial适应能力很强，有些方面比placental有过之而不不及：1、Joeys在妈妈口袋里很安全。喝妈妈的奶，增强抵抗力，帮助建立免疫系统，很有适应能力;2、 marsupials 不光控制体温，还能故意改变体温，比如降低体温，减少体力消耗，增强存活率;3、两种哺乳动物共同存在Australia 的时间是百万年以前，而不是文章中说的最近。所以，placental 不用和marsupial竞争。

　　5、复活节岛上的人是不是来自南美 Reading：The first inhabitants of Easter Island come from South America.1、It is possible that South Americans drifted to this island on raftsby wind and ocean current.2、Some stones walls in EasterIsland are built to honor the ancestors, and the techniques uses are similar tothose used in the South America.3、Some of the plants inthe Easter Island share the same genetic roots with those discovered in theSouth America in which local people farmed and cultivated.

　　Listening：The evidences in the reading are not convincing.1、There is no evidence that rafts or cannons could come landing inthis island after by floating across the ocean. Even if it did, there were noartifacts left, such as cooking utensils, tools brought with them for dailylife in such harsh living condition.2、The techniquesused in both places are different. The stonewalls in Easter Island are hollow,whose techniques are not as complex as those used in the wall in SouthAmerica.3、The plants can be floated to the islandthemselves, instead of being carried.

　　6、讨论是否limit the fish harvest of thefishing companies.限制渔业公司捕鱼。 Reading：There are three reasons that government should limit the fishharvest.1、Government should reduce the number of stripebass, for they prey on menhaden.2、Menhaden is the mainsource of protein. If the number of menhaden decreases, it has negativeinfluences on livestock and poultry.3、It also reducesthe job opportunities, which results in economic problem. Listening：These reasons are unconvincing.1、Reducing the number of Bass breaks the balance of ecosystem.2、Soybeans could provide protein, and they are more economical.3、It is true that people may lose jobs and economy will suffer;however, it will recover soon. If measures are not taken, the whole region willbe doom to collapse.

　　7、腓尼基人没有被派遣到在非洲的帆船Phoenicians had notbeen sent to sail around the Africa：1、船及设备太简陋，跑不了那么远(simple technology);2、埃及统治者对航海没有兴趣, 国王也没有理由去雇佣 sailors;3、这可能就是一个故事，因为当时有了sea monster和magical islands的故事，所以sailor的故事也可能是编造的。

　　Listening Phoenicians 的确sail过：1、尽管当时的船跟simple, 但是后来有科学家仿造了他们的船，并用这个船到达了非洲;2、 虽然其他埃及统治者不感兴趣，但是N二世和别的帝王不一样，他喜欢water trading，他有可能派人去find new tradingpatterns;3、有很多确定的细节，比如确定的日子，和天气，如果是编的，不可能如此详细。

　　8、经济型捕捞的三个好处 Reading：There are three reasons that it isbeneficial.1、To balance the ecosystem.2、To balance the number of fish.3、Lion fishcontains high protein vitamins.

　　Listening：These reasons are unconvincing.1、People will easily catch other fish, most of which are also preciousspecies. It also do harm to the ecosystem.2、Once thedemand of the lion fish increases, people would establish fish farm. If thelion fish escape from the farm, ecosystem will be damaged.3、The lion fish contains poisonous matter, which is harmful to people’s health.

　　9、是hanging garden存在与否。阅读，存在，希腊历史学家有记，考古学家发现遗址，大帝经常建复杂建筑。听力，反对，希腊记载的不一定是HG，考古把水引入房顶是技术挑战，大帝建复杂建筑但是引水为河不符合实际，因为缺水?

　　10、为保护native plants 减少cheat grass的三种方法 第一种是让grazers吃 第二种是burn 第三种是引入一种fungals 听力反驳 因为grazers会不爱吃这种草 所以会先吃native的 会带来负面影响;种子不会被毁坏烧完还会很快长出来的;这种草对fungals有resistance，即使有影响也是已经weak和sick的。

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