出国留学首选一诺留学

　　老托福阅读100篇相对TPO要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做TPO真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，今天一诺留学小编给大家分享的是老托福阅读100篇之美国调查方式的实施，希望考生认真练习。

　　美国调查方式的实施

　　A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire that provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States.

　　North Americans are familiar with the many person-on-the-street interviews on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which area the newspeople select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.

　　In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.

　　There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent.

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) The history of surveys in North America

　　(B) The principles of conducting surveys

　　(C) Problems associated with interpreting surveys

　　(D) The importance of polls in American political life

　　2. The word "they" in line 8 refers to

　　(A) North Americans

　　(B) news shows

　　(C) interviews

　　(D) opinions

　　3. According to the passage , the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews is that they

　　(A) are not based on a representative sampling

　　(B) are used only on television

　　(C) are not carefully worded

　　(D) reflect political opinions

　　4. The word "precise" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) planned

　　(B) rational

　　(C) required

　　(D) accurate

　　5. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey?

　　(A) A high number of respondents

　　(B) Carefully worded questions

　　(C) An interviewer's ability to measure respondents' feelings

　　(D) A sociologist who is able to interpret the results

　　6. The word "exercise" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) utilize

　　(B) consider

　　(C) design

　　(D) defend

　　7. The word "elicit" in line 19 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) compose

　　(B) rule out

　　(C) predict

　　(D) bring out

　　8. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated with questionnaires is that

　　(A) respondents often do not complete and return questionnaires

　　(B) questionnaires are often difficult to read

　　(C) questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute

　　(D) respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions

　　9. According to the passage , one advantage of live interviews over questionnaires is that live interviews

　　(A) cost less

　　(B) can produce more information

　　(C) are easier to interpret

　　(D) minimize the influence of the researcher

　　10. The word "probe" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) explore

　　(B) influence

　　(C) analyze

　　(D) apply

　　11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

　　(A) Survey (line 1)

　　(B) Public opinion (line 8)

　　(C) Representative sampling (line 13)

　　(D) Response rate (line 24)

　　答案：BCADB ADABA A

　　以上内容就是老托福阅读100篇之美国调查方式的实施介绍，希望对大家的托福考试有帮助。如需了解更多留学考试的相关信息，欢迎拨打一诺留学的免费热线400-003-6508或者010-62680991进行出国留学咨询，或者点击一诺留学官方网站http://www.yinuoedu.net/页面的“在线咨询”与一诺留学专家直接对话。