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　　老托福阅读100篇相对TPO要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做TPO真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，今天一诺留学小编给大家分享的是老托福阅读100篇之地理位置对城市发展的影响，希望考生认真练习。

　　地理位置对城市发展的影响

　　Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world's finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity.

　　Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City's importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York's location at the western end of one of the world's most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast Midwestern hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York's primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristic as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) The development of trade routes through United States cities

　　(B) Contrasts in settlement patterns in United States

　　(C) Historical differences among three large United States cities

　　(D) The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities

　　2. The word "ingenuity" in line 2. is closest in meaning to

　　(A) wealth

　　(B) resourcefulness

　　(C) traditions

　　(D) organization

　　3. The passage suggests that a geographer would consider a city's soil type part of its

　　(A) hinterland

　　(B) situation

　　(C) site

　　(D) function

　　4. According to the passage , a city's situation is more important than its site in regard to the city's

　　(A) long-term growth and prosperity

　　(B) ability to protect its citizenry

　　(C) possession of favorable weather conditions

　　(D) need to import food supplies

　　5. The author mentions each of the following as an advantage of Chicago's location EXCEPT its

　　(A) hinterland

　　(B) nearness to a large lake

　　(C) position in regard to transport routes

　　(D) flat terrain

　　6. The word "characteristics" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) choices

　　(B) attitudes

　　(C) qualities

　　(D) inhabitants

　　7. The primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to

　　(A) summarize past research and introduce a new study

　　(B) describe a historical period

　　(C) emphasize the advantages of one theory over another

　　(D) define a term and illustrate it with an example

　　8. According to the passage , Philadelphia and Boston are similar to New York City in

　　(A) size of population

　　(B) age

　　(C) site

　　(D) availability of rail transportation

　　9. The word "functional" in line 20 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) alternate

　　(B) unknown

　　(C) original

　　(D) usable

　　10. The word "it" in line 21 refers to

　　(A) account

　　(B) primacy

　　(C) connection

　　(D) hinterland

　　11. The word "significant" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) threatening

　　(B) meaningful

　　(C) obvious

　　(D) available

　　答案：DBCAD CDCDA B

　　以上内容就是老托福阅读100篇之地理位置对城市发展的介绍，希望对大家的托福考试有帮助。如需了解更多留学考试的相关信息，欢迎拨打一诺留学的免费热线400-003-6508或者010-62680991进行出国留学咨询，或者点击一诺留学官方网站http://www.yinuoedu.net/页面的“在线咨询”与一诺留学专家直接对话。