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　　老托福阅读100篇相对TPO要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做TPO真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，今天一诺留学小编给大家分享的是老托福阅读100篇之北美农业殖民地艺术家作品，希望考生认真练习。

　　北美农业殖民地艺术家作品

　　From their inception, most rural neighborhoods in colonial North America included at least one carpenter, joiner, sawyer, and cooper in woodworking; a weaver and a tailor for clothing production; a tanner, currier, and cordwainer (shoemaker) for fabricating leather objects; and a blacksmith for metalwork. Where stone was the local building material, a mason was sure to appear on the list of people who paid taxes. With only an apprentice as an assistant, the rural artisan provided the neighborhood with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm equipment in exchange for cash or for "goods in kind" from the customer's field, pasture, or dairy. Sometimes artisans transformed material provided by the customer; wove cloth of yarn spun at the farm from the wool of the family sheep; made chairs or tables from wood cut in the customer's own woodlot; produced shoes or leather breeches from cow, deer, or sheepskin tanned on the farm.

　　Like their farming neighbors, rural artisans were part of an economy scene, by one historian, as "an orchestra conducted by nature." Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time, and still others waited on raw materials that were only produced seasonally. As the days grew shorter, shop hours kept pace, since few artisans could afford enough artificial light to continue work when the Sun went down. To the best of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and to regularize their schedules and methods of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools, and materials. While it is pleasant to imagine a woodworker, for example, carefully matching lumber, joining a chest together without resort to nails or glue, and applying all thought and energy to carving beautiful designs on the finished piece, the time required was not justified unless the customer was willing to pay extra for the quality ?a and few in rural areas were. Artisans, therefore, often found it necessary to employ as many shortcuts and economics as possible while still producing satisfactory products.

　　1. What aspect of rural colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) Farming practices

　　(B) The work of artisans

　　(C) The character of rural neighborhoods

　　(D) Types of furniture that were popular

　　2. The word "inception" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) investigation

　　(B) location

　　(C) beginning

　　(D) records

　　3. The word "fabricating" in line 3 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) constructing

　　(B) altering

　　(C) selecting

　　(D) demonstrating

　　4. It can be inferred from the passage that the use of artificial light in colonial times was

　　(A) especially helpful to woodworkers

　　(B) popular in rural areas

　　(C) continuous in winter

　　(D) expensive

　　5. Why did colonial artisans want to "regularize their schedules and methods" (line 18)?

　　(A) to enable them to produce high quality products

　　(B) to enable them to duplicate an item many times

　　(C) to impress their customers

　　(D) to keep expenses low

　　6. The phrase "resort to" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) protecting with

　　(B) moving toward

　　(C) manufacturing

　　(D) using

　　7. The word "few' in lines 23 refers to

　　(A) woodworkers

　　(B) finished pieces

　　(C) customers

　　(D) chests

　　8. It can be inferred that the artisans referred to in the passage usually produced products that were

　　(A) simple

　　(B) delicate

　　(C) beautifully decorated

　　(D) exceptionally long-lasting

　　答案：BCADD DCA

　　以上内容就是老托福阅读100篇之北美农业殖民地艺术家作品的介绍，希望对大家的托福考试有帮助。如需了解更多留学考试的相关信息，欢迎拨打一诺留学的免费热线400-003-6508或者010-62680991进行出国留学咨询，或者点击一诺留学官方网站http://www.yinuoedu.net/页面的“在线咨询”与一诺留学专家直接对话。