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　　老托福阅读100篇相对TPO要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做TPO真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，今天一诺留学小编给大家分享的是老托福阅读100篇之哈德逊河派的绘画，希望考生认真练习。

　　哈德逊河派的绘画

　　The term "Hudson River school" was applied to the foremost representatives of nineteenth-century North American landscape painting. Apparently unknown during the golden days of the American landscape movement, which began around 1850 and lasted until the late 1860's, the Hudson River school seems to have emerged in the 1870's as a direct result of the struggle between the old and the new generations of artists, each to assert its own style as the representative American art. The older painters, most of whom were born before 1835, practiced in a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy of Design. The younger painters returning home from training in Europe worked more with figural subject matter and in a bold and impressionistic technique; their prospects for patronage in their own country were uncertain, and they sought to attract it by attaining academic recognition in New York. One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that what in previous years had been referred to as the "American", "native", or, occasionally, "New York" school ¡ª the most representative school of American art in any genre ¡ª had by 1890 become firmly established in the minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school.

　　The sobriquet was first applied around 1879. While it was not intended as flattering, it was hardly inappropriate. The Academicians at whom it was aimed had worked and socialized in New York, the Hudson's port city, and had painted the river and its shores with varying frequency. Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity a manner of technique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist, Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River. A possible implication in the term applied to the group of landscapists was that many of them had, like Cole, lived on or near the banks of the Hudson. Further, the river had long served as the principal route to other sketching grounds favored by the Academicians, particularly the Adirondacks and the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire.

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) The National Academy of Design

　　(B) Paintings that featured the Hudson River

　　(C) North American landscape paintings

　　(D) The training of American artists in European academies

　　2. Before 1870, what was considered the most representative kind of American painting?

　　(A) Figural painting

　　(B) Landscape painting

　　(C) Impressionistic painting

　　(D) Historical painting

　　3. The word "struggle" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) connection

　　(B) distance

　　(C) communication

　　(D) competition

　　4. The word "monopolized" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) alarmed

　　(B) dominated

　　(C) repelled

　　(D) pursued

　　5. According to the passage , what was the function of the National Academy of Design for the painters born before 1835?

　　(A) It mediated conflicts between artists.

　　(B) It supervised the incorporation of new artistic techniques.

　　(C) It determined which subjects were appropriate.

　　(D) It supported their growth and development.

　　6. The word "it" in line 12 refers to

　　(A) matter

　　(B) technique

　　(C) patronage

　　(D) country

　　7. The word "factions" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) sides

　　(B) people

　　(C) cities

　　(D) images

　　8. The word "flattering" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) expressive

　　(B) serious

　　(C) complimentary

　　(D) flashy

　　9. Where did the younger generation of painters receive its artistic training?

　　(A) In Europe

　　(B) In the Adirondacks

　　(C) In Vermont

　　(D) In New Hampshire

　　答案： BBDBD CACA

　　以上内容就是老托福阅读100篇之哈德逊河派的绘画介绍，希望对大家的托福考试有帮助。如需了解更多留学考试的相关信息，欢迎拨打一诺留学的免费热线400-003-6508或者010-62680991进行出国留学咨询，或者点击一诺留学官方网站http://www.yinuoedu.net/页面的“在线咨询”与一诺留学专家直接对话。