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　　托福考试中，尤其是托福阅读考试。当我们做到托福阅读考试时候会被很多长难句所困扰，今天一诺留学小编教给大家如果分析托福阅读中的长难句。

　　21、Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.

　　(倒装Accompanying that growth was a structural change that…=A structural change…was accompanying that growth)

　　【译句】伴随着这一增长的是一个结构变化，它以经济的不断多样化和国家劳动力从农业到制造业和其他非农业职业的逐渐转化为特征。

　　分句1. Accompanying that growth was a structural change

　　分句2. that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits

　　2嵌套在1中，做1中的structural change 的定语从句，这个定语从句结构较复杂，由两个and连接三个并列的名词性成分。

　　分句1是主句，且采用完全倒装的形式。

　　22、As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home.

　　(倒装so did…)

　　【译句】随着男人和女人在社会中扮演的角色被限定得更加严格，他们在家中的角色也是如此。

　　分句1. the roles became more rigidly defined

　　分句2. men and women played in society

　　分句3. so did the roles

　　分句4. they played in the home.

　　1和2嵌套，2是修饰1中的role 的定语从句。 3和4嵌套，4是3中的roles的。

　　1和3并列，3是由so引导的部分倒装句。

　　23、Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals，sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always functional shapes.

　　(倒装Surrounding the column are…)

　　【译句】围绕着蕊柱的是三个萼片和三个花瓣，有时很容易辨认出来，但经常被扭成华丽、奇特但总是有用的形状。

　　完全倒装句，正常语序是：

　　Three sepals and three petals are surrounding the column, sometimes easily recognizable as such，often distorted into gorgeous，weird，but always functional shapes.

　　24、With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it，young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression.

　　(倒装than had their predecessors—比较结构的第二部分)

　　【译句】随着二战带来的持续繁荣以及随之而来的经济增长，年轻人比大萧条中的同龄人结婚成家更早，而且养育的家庭比他们的前辈更大。

　　分句1. the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War

　　分句2. the economic boom that followed it

　　分句3. young people married and established households earlier

　　分句4. began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression.

　　1和2并列，3和4并列

　　1和2 是伴随状语

　　3和4是主句

　　25、The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature;furthermore，in its manifestation of speed and noise，it might be a despoiler of human nature as well.

　　(关联结构could be and was)

　　【译句】铁路可以，事实上也是自然的掠夺者;而且，在其速度和噪音的表现上也可能是人性的掠夺者。

　　分句1. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature

　　分句2. it might be a despoiler of human nature as well.

　　1和2 是并列 (由分号连接的两个并列分句)。

　　26、In the railroads' prime years，between 1 890 and 1920，there were a few individuals in the United States，most of them with solid railroading experience behind them，who made a profession of writing about railroading--works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive cabs.

　　(同位语most of them;定语从句who made a profession of writing)

　　【译句】在1890年到1920年间铁路的黄金时期，美国有几个人(他们大多有丰富的铁路经验)以写铁路题材为职业——作品围绕车站、停车场和机车。

　　分句1. there were a few individuals in the United States

　　分句2. most of them with solid railroading experience behind them

　　分句3. who made a profession of writing about railroading

　　分句4. works offering the ambience of stations，yards，and locomotive cabs.

　　1是主句

　　2和3是嵌套

　　2作为1中a few individuals 的同位语，对它进一步解释说明

　　27、On the other hand，when it comes to substantive--particularly behavioral-information，crows are less well known than many comparably common species and，for that matter，not a few quite uncommon ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example.

　　(特殊结构for that matter)

　　【译句】另一方面，当涉及实质性的，特别是行为方面的信息时，乌鸦就不如许多比较而言很普通的鸟类那样为人所知;而且，也不如许多很不寻常的鸟类，举一个明显的例子，如像濒危的加利福尼亚大秃鹫那样为人所知。

　　分句1. when it comes to substantive--particularly behavioral-information;

　　分句2. crows are less well known than many comparably common species and, for that matter，not a few quite uncommon ones：the endangered California condor，to cite one obvious example.

　　1和2是并列， 分句1是时间状语， 2是主句，其中包含插入语结构 以及 冒号连接的解释说明的成分。

　　28、Keen observers and quick learners，they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，including researchers，and adept at avoiding them.

　　(并列同位语keen observers and quick learners)

　　【译句】乌鸦是敏锐的观察家和快捷的学习者，它们对其他生物(包括研究人员)的意图感觉非常敏锐，并且善于躲开它们。

　　分句1. they are astute about the intentions of other creatures，including researchers;

　　分句2. and adept at avoiding them.

　　1和2是并列。 句子开头的“keen observers and quick learners”是主语 they的同位语。

　　29、These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history，providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented.

　　(宾语从句demonstrate that…;特殊结构otherwise)

　　【译句】这些研究人员已经力图证实他们的工作不仅可以成为科学而且还是历史的宝贵工具，为了解普通人的日常生活提供崭新的观点，否则这些普通人的生存状态不可能被记载得这么好。

　　分句1：These researchers have sought to demonstrate that;

　　分句2：their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history;

　　分句3：providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people;

　　分句4：whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented.

　　分句1是整个长句子的主句

　　分句2是分句1的宾语从句

　　分句3是以现在分词形式表示伴随状态

　　分句4是分句3的定语从句。

　　30、Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned.

　　(特殊结构Legend has it that…=There is a legend that…)

　　【译句】传说在内战(1861--1865)快结束的某个时候，一列载着牛群的政府的火车在穿过怀俄明州东部的北部平原时遇到了暴风雪，因此不得不被遗弃。

　　分句1：Legend has it that

　　分句2：sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm

　　分句3：and had to be abandoned

　　分句1是整个长句子的形式主句

　　分句2是分句1的具体解释，也是真正的主句。这里出现了几个分词形式，如“carrying oxen” “traveling through……”等，完全可以换成“that/which carries……”，这里都是现在分词做后置定语，起修饰限定作用。

　　分句3是2的并列。

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