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　　托福考试中，尤其是托福阅读考试。当我们做到托福阅读考试时候会被很多长难句所困扰，今天一诺留学小编教给大家如果分析托福阅读中的长难句。

　　11、The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more.

　　【译句】最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为Pueblo Bonito(美丽的城镇)，是一个五层梯式楼，有800多间房子，能够容纳1 000人以上。

　　分句1：The largest rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more;

　　分句2：later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish。

　　分句1嵌套了分句2，分句1的主语是the largest, 这是“the + 形容词”表示一个名词的结构，相当于“the largest one" 的省略的说法。

　　分句2是省略了“which was" 的定语从句，用来修饰分句1的主语the largest, 分句1内部是由三个并列的谓语构成的句子。

　　12、Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word, silent.

　　(倒装accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…)

　　【译句】虽然我们习惯于将1927年以前的电影叫做“无声电影”，但是就“无声’’这个词的完整意义上说，电影从未真正的无声过。

　　分句1：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”;

　　分句2：the film has never been silent;

　　分句3：in the full sense of the word;

　　本句的难点是在分句1是倒装句，正常语序是Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as silent. 分句3是一个插入语，嵌套在分句2中，所以本句真正强调的核心是the film has never been silent.

　　13、For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.

　　(特殊结构not…SO much as…——与其说…不如说…)

　　【译句】在好些年内，为各部影片选择配乐的权力完全掌握在乐队指挥或队长手中，而通常担任这种职位的资格与其说是技巧或鉴赏品位，不如说是个人拥有音乐作品的丰富收藏。

　　分句1：.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra;

　　分句2：and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces;

　　分句1 和分句2是两个并列关系的分句，分句2的难点在于not…… so much as的结构。

　　14、Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

　　(倒装coincident with concerns…has been…=…has been coincident with concerns…)

　　【译句】在对物种和动物栖息地加速消失表示关注的同时，人们也越来越认识到生物多样化，即一个特定生态系统中物种的数量对地球的健康以及人类幸福的重要性。

　　此句是完全倒装句，谓语动词是 has been，真正的主语是has been 后面的内容。Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats是表语。

　　原来的正常语序是： A growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being has been coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats

　　其中 the number of species in a particular ecosystem 是插入语，作为同位语出现，用来解释说明biological diversity。

　　在这句话真正的主语中有一个 " the importance of A to B" 的结构，应该翻译为“A对B的重要性”。 原句中就是 "the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being " 叫做“生物多样性对于地球和人类幸福健康的重要性"。

　　15、The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.

　　(同位语从句fact that…;定语从句that comprise the bulk…)

　　【译句】考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。

　　分句1：The fact does not seem surprising.

　　分句2：that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests

　　分句3：considering the huge numbers of insects

　　分句4：that comprise the bulk of the species

　　分句1中嵌套着分句2，分句2解释说明分句1的主语the fact, 是同位语从句;分句3是主句的状语，分句4是定语从句，修饰分句3的the huge numbers of insects

　　16、To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea，it helps to think small.

　　(特殊结构it helps to…做…有帮助)

　　【译句】要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助。

　　目的状语：To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea,主句： it helps to think small. (这里的it是形式主语，没有实际意义)

　　17、Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks，but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.

　　(特殊结构not any more than像…一样不…)

　　【译句】科学建立在事实上，就像房子用砖砌成一样。但收集的事实不能被叫做科学，就像一堆砖不能被称为房子一样。

　　分句1： Science is built with facts

　　分句2： just as a house is built with bricks,

　　分句3： but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.

　　这句话的难点在于“not ... any more than 像…一样不…”，相当于“a pile of bricks cannot be called a house"，

　　18、In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.

　　(特殊结构characterized by…——以…为特征)

　　【译句】尽管处于一个以抛弃大量现实主义传统(以作家约翰?巴思、唐纳德?巴塞尔姆和托马斯.品钦为代表)为特征的时代，乔伊斯?卡罗尔?欧茨因为坚持自己小说本质上模仿的特点，有时候看起来是一个坚定的守旧派。

　　分句1. characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth，Donald Barthelme，and Thomas Pynchon,

　　分句2. Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.

　　分句1 做时间状语“In a period”的后置定语，补充修饰period，相当于省略了 “which was”的定语从句。 分句2 是主句。

　　整个句子的难点在于找主句。 其实分句1的末尾是 "such as" 引导的三个人名的并列，在最后一个人名Thomas Pynchon前有"and", 说明这个列举对象中的最后一个。所以整个句子的主干在T P 这个人后面出现。

　　19、If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.

　　(虚拟语气)

　　【译句】如果不是具有这种能力，它们就会在短时间内吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能会因饿死而灭绝。

　　分句1. If it were not for this faculty

　　分句2. they would devour all the food available in short time

　　分句3. would probably starve themselves out of existence

　　分句1 是虚拟语气的条件从句

　　分句2、3是并列关系，并且是主句。

　　20、People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos.

　　(同位语从句prospect that…)

　　【译句】19世纪的美国人因为害怕国家经济中史无前例的变化会带来社会混乱这一前景而提心吊胆。

　　分句1. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect;

　　分句2. that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos.

　　2嵌套在1中，做1中prospect 的同位语从句;1是主句，2 具体解释说明 prospect。

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